Coyote (Canis latrans)

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Coyote (Canis latrans)

Citation:

Seasonal variation in body mass and composition of eastern coyotes

Author(s)
Poulle, Marie Lazarine, Michel Crete and Jean Huot
Pages
1625 - 1633
Year
Volume
73
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Body Fat (total or %) 16.8 % Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Quebec Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 1.8
Citation:

Coyote morphometric characteristics and mass dynamics in the San Joaquin Valley, California

Author(s)
Cypher, Brian L.
Pages
360-365
Year
Volume
40
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific California Counties Error
Body Weight - Mean 12.7 kg Male Adult 16 Naval Petroleum Reserves (elev., 88 - 473 m) Exposure Factor Datasets >2 yr Kern 0.3 SE
Body Weight - Mean 9.9 kg Female Pup 13 Naval Petroleum Reserves (elev., 88 - 473 m) Exposure Factor Datasets <1yr Kern 0.4 SE
Body Weight - Mean 9.3 kg Female Juvenile 7 Naval Petroleum Reserves (elev., 88 - 473 m) Exposure Factor Datasets 1yr Kern 0.3 SE
Body Weight - Mean 10.1 kg Female Adult 5 Naval Petroleum Reserves (elev., 88 - 473 m) Exposure Factor Datasets >2 yr Kern 1.1 SE
Body Weight - Mean 2.2 kg Female Pup 19 Naval Petroleum Reserves (elev., 88 - 473 m) Exposure Factor Datasets <1yr Kern 0.1 SE
Body Weight - Mean 10.2 kg Female Adult 53 Naval Petroleum Reserves (elev., 88 - 473 m) Exposure Factor Datasets >2 yr Kern 0.2 SE
Body Weight - Mean 2.5 kg Male Pup 19 Naval Petroleum Reserves (elev., 88 - 473 m) Exposure Factor Datasets <1yr Kern 0.2 SE
Body Weight - Mean 12.1 kg Male Adult 82 Naval Petroleum Reserves (elev., 88 - 473 m) Exposure Factor Datasets >2yr Kern 0.2 SE
Citation:

Relationships among coyote food habits, prey populations, and habitat use

Author(s)
Reichel, James D.
Pages
133-137
Year
Volume
65
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition voles (74.9%); deer mice (0.5%); other rodents (11.8%); deer (18.3%); pronghorn (10.9%); other ungulates (10.0%); lagomorphs (2.4%); other mammals (0.4%); birds and eggs (12.4%); reptiles and amphibians (4.3%); seeds and fruit (0.5%); insects (7.1%); unknown (1.9%) % frequency of occurrence in scats % Not Reported Not Reported 211 National Bison Range (elev., 696-1361 m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition voles (40.8%); deer mice (2.4%); other rodents (14.1%); deer (24.4%); pronghorn (1.8%); other ungulates (7.3%); lagomorphs (2.4%); other mammals (7.4%); birds and eggs (19.5%); reptiles and amphibians (6.1%); seeds and fruit (30.5%); insects (30.5%); unknown (1.8%) % frequency of occurrence in scats % Not Reported Not Reported 164 National Bison Range (elev., 696-1361 m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Population dynamics of coyotes in central Alberta, 1964-1968

Author(s)
Nellis, Carl H. and Lloyd B. Keith
Pages
389-399
Year
Volume
40
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Countries Error
Population Density range of minimum and maximum densities over 3 yrs #/100 km2 Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Rochester, Alberta Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Age at Sexual Maturity 1 yr Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Rochester, Alberta Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Time of Migration or Dispersal Oct. dispersal Both Male and Female Juvenile Not Reported Rochester, Alberta Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Clutch or Litter Size 5.3 pups/litter Female Adult 26 Rochester, Alberta Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Longevity oldest female and male yrs Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Rochester, Alberta Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Survival/ Mortality 71 mortality rate % Both Male and Female Juvenile Not Reported Rochester, Alberta Exposure Factor Datasets 0 - 1 yr CANADA
Survival/ Mortality mortality rate % Not Reported Adult Not Reported Rochester, Alberta Exposure Factor Datasets > 1 yr CANADA
Dietary Composition large mammals (44%); mice (22%); snowshoe hare (3%); birds (11%); vegetation (7%); misc. (3%) % volume, determined from stomach contents % Not Reported Not Reported 344 Rochester, Alberta Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Home Range 14.6 mean distance moved by coyotes marked in 1964-1968 and relocated by 1976 km Both Male and Female Pup 28 Rochester, Alberta Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 4.2 SE
Home Range 29.3 mean distance moved by coyotes marked in 1964-1968 and relocated by 1976 km Both Male and Female Juvenile 22 Rochester, Alberta Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 8.9 SE
Citation:

Coyote, Canis latrans, ecology in a rural-urban environment

Author(s)
Atkinson, K.T. and D.M. Shackleton
Pages
49-54
Year
Volume
105
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Time of Hatching or Parturition Apr. - May Female Adult 10 litters Lower Fraser Valley, British Columbia Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Time of Mating/ Laying Jan. - Apr. Both Male and Female Adult 10 Lower Fraser Valley, British Columbia Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Dietary Composition microtines (70.2%); rabbits (8.1%); domestic livestock (4.3%); passerines (2%); other mammals (4.7%); plants (10.3%); misc. (0.3%) % scat volume % Not Reported Not Reported 862 Lower Fraser Valley, British Columbia Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Home Range 7.7 95% home range estimated by minimum convex polygon method km2 Male Adult 6 Lower Fraser Valley, British Columbia Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 4.2 SD
Home Range 17.0 95% home range estimated by minimum convex polygon method km2 Female Adult 3 Lower Fraser Valley, British Columbia Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 20.7 SD
Citation:

Population dynamics of coyotes in southeastern Colorado

Author(s)
Gese, Eric M., Orrin J. Rongstad and William R. Mytton
Pages
174-181
Year
Volume
53
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific
Survival/ Mortality 0.87 mean annual survival rate Both Male and Female Adult 52 Pinon Canyon Maneuver Site, Trinidad (elev., 1310-1740 m) Exposure Factor Datasets > 2yrs
Survival/ Mortality 0.52 mean annual survival rate Both Male and Female Juvenile 16 Pinon Canyon Maneuver Site, Trinidad (elev., 1310-1740 m) Exposure Factor Datasets 1-2 yrs
Population Density 0.29 pre-whelping density #/km2 Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Pinon Canyon Maneuver Site, Trinidad (elev., 1310-1740 m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 3.2 pups/litter Female Adult 16 Pinon Canyon Maneuver Site, Trinidad (elev., 1310-1740 m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Migration or Dispersal Oct. - Jan. Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 13 Pinon Canyon Maneuver Site, Trinidad (elev., 1310-1740 m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Home Range range across 4 yrs and 4 habitat types km2 Both Male and Female Not Reported 4 - 16/sample Pinon Canyon Maneuver Site, Trinidad (elev., 1310-1740 m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Coyote food habits in Sagehen Creek basin, northeastern California

Author(s)
Hawthorne, Vernon M.
Pages
4-12
Year
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition mule deer (8.7%); cattle (4.4%); sheep (17.4%); coyote (8.7%); Microtus sp. (56.5%); Eutamias (13%); Thomomys sp. (8.7%); Marmota flaviventris (4.4%); Citellus beldingi (4.4%); Erethizon dorsatum (8.7%); song birds (21.7%); grasshoppers (13.0%); other insects (34.8%); pine and fir needles (30.4%); grass (56.5%); other vegetable matter (13.2%) % of scats containing food item % Both Male and Female Juvenile 23 scats Sagehen Creek Field Station, Truckee Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Food habits and average weights of a fall-winter sample of eastern coyotes, Canis latrans

Author(s)
Moore, Gary C. and John S. Millar
Pages
105-106
Year
Volume
100
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition snowshoe hare (31.7%); white-tailed deer (24.5%); plants (20.4%); small mammals (14.3%); non-edibles (13.2%); large birds (6.0%); porcupine (4.9%); Canis spp. (2.6%); carrion (1.9%); small birds (1.9%); apple (1.9%); human garbage (1.5%); moose (1.5%); feces (1.1); sheep (1.1%); cattle (0.8%) % frequency of occurrence of items identified from stomach contents % Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 265 New Brunswick and Nova Scotia Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Body Weight - Mean 13.32 unskinned weight estimated from skinned weight kg Male Juvenile 89 New Brunswick and Nova Scotia Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Body Weight - Mean 16.64 unskinned weight estimated from skinned weight kg Male Adult 50 New Brunswick and Nova Scotia Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Body Weight - Mean 11.42 unskinned weight estimated from skinned weight kg Female Juvenile 80 New Brunswick and Nova Scotia Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Body Weight - Mean 15.24 unskinned weight estimated from skinned weight kg Female Adult 23 New Brunswick and Nova Scotia Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Coyote diets, five years later, at Cuyamaca Rancho State Park

Author(s)
Weintraub, Joel D.
Pages
152-157
Year
Volume
85
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition Scapanus latimanus (3%); Spermophilus beechyi (24%); Thomomys bottae (64%); Reithrodontomys megalotis (4%); Peromyscus sp. (19%); Neotoma spp. (4%); Microtus californicus (32%); Odocoileus hemionus (41%); birds (6%); reptiles (12%); arthropods (47%); vegetation (33%) % occurrence of major food items (>1%) in scats % Not Reported Not Reported 223 scats East Mesa, Cuyamaca Rancho State Park (elev., 1525 m) Exposure Factor Datasets San Diego
Citation:

Dispersal, daily activity, and home range of coyotes in southeastern Idaho

Author(s)
Woodruff, Roger A. and Barry L. Keller
Pages
199-207
Year
Volume
56
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Home Range 29.3 estimated by modified minimum area method km2 Female Adult 4 Idaho National Engineering Laboratory Exposure Factor Datasets 2.4 SE
Citation:

Ecology of coyotes in Iowa

Author(s)
Andrews, Ronald D. and Edward K. Boggess
Pages
249-265
Publisher
Academic Press
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Mating/ Laying Jan. - Apr. breeding Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size range of 5 yearly averages pups/litter Female Adult 5 yrs Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality 60.9 mean survival rate estimated from population age structure data % Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition rabbits (51.0%); mice (12.3%); other mammals (8.0%); birds (2.7%); plants (0.3%); misc. (0.2%) % volume of food items in stomach contents % Not Reported Not Reported 222 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Diets of three predators at Concord Naval Weapons Station, Contra Costa County, California

Author(s)
Kuenzi, Amy J., Marylisa Lynch, Dirk Van Vuren, Ivette Loredo and Michael L. Morrison
Pages
64-67
Year
Volume
79
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition Mammals: Spermophilus beecheyi (57%); Microtus californicus (19%); Peromyscus maniculatus and Reithrodontomys megalotis (29%); Lepus californicus (29%); Thomomys bottae (19%); Birds (5%); Insects (10%); Seeds and berries (10%); Herbaceous vegetation (14%) % of scats containing each prey item % Not Reported Not Reported 21 Concord Naval Weapons Station Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa
Dietary Composition Mammals: Spermophilus beecheyi (43%); Microtus californicus (61%); Peromyscus maniculatus and Reithrodontomys megalotis (30%); Lepus californicus (43%); Thomomys bottae (9%); Insects (13%); Seeds and berries (4%); Herbaceous vegetation (35%); Wheat (Avena spp.) (9%) % of scats containing each prey item % Not Reported Not Reported 23 Concord Naval Weapons Station Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa
Dietary Composition Mammals: Spermophilus beecheyi (67%); Microtus californicus (45%); Peromyscus maniculatus and Reithrodontomys megalotis (29%); Lepus californicus (12%); Thomomys bottae (2%); Birds (5%); Seeds and berries (19%); Herbaceous vegetation (43%); Wheat (Avena spp.) (24%) % of scats containing each prey item % Not Reported Not Reported 42 Concord Naval Weapons Station Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa
Dietary Composition Mammals: Spermophilus beecheyi (43%); Microtus californicus (30%); Peromyscus maniculatus and Reithrodontomys megalotis (43%); Lepus californicus (17%); Thomomys bottae (4%); Insects (13%); Seeds and berries (13%); Herbaceous vegetation (17%); Wheat (Avena spp.) (13%) % of scats containing each prey item % Not Reported Not Reported 23 Concord Naval Weapons Station Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa
Citation:

Home range, movements, and habitat use of coyotes in southcentral Georgia

Author(s)
Holzman, Stephen, Michael J. Conroy and John Pickering
Pages
139-146
Year
Volume
56
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Home Range 10.1 overall home range estimated by minimum convex method (95% probability) km2 Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 12 McRae and Irwin Counties Exposure Factor Datasets 6.9 (95% CI)
Citation:

Population characteristics of coyotes (Canis latrans) in the northern Chihuahuan desert of New Mexico

Author(s)
Windberg, Lamar A., Steven M. Ebbert and Brian T. Kelly
Pages
197-207
Year
Volume
138
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Error
Home Range 12.6 85% harmonic mean estimate of home range for "territorial" class km2 Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 13 Jornada Experimental Range, Dona Ana County (elev., 1320-1390 m) Exposure Factor Datasets 1.8 SE
Home Range 25.9 85% harmonic mean estimate of home range for "transient" class km2 Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 12 Jornada Experimental Range, Dona Ana County (elev., 1320-1390 m) Exposure Factor Datasets 6.5 SE
Body Weight - Mean 11.6 kg Male Adult 21 Jornada Experimental Range, Dona Ana County (elev., 1320-1390 m) Exposure Factor Datasets >3 yrs 1.4 SE
Body Weight - Mean 9.5 kg Female Adult 13 Jornada Experimental Range, Dona Ana County (elev., 1320-1390 m) Exposure Factor Datasets >3 yrs 1.0 SE
Citation:

Use of food items by sex and age classes of coyotes

Author(s)
Cypher, Brian L., Kenneth A. Spencer and Jerry H. Scrivner
Pages
42-47
Year
Volume
82
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific California Counties
Dietary Composition leporid (76.4%); rodent (18.0%); livestock (13.5%); bird (13.5%); insect (4.5%); other (14.6%) % frequency of occurrence in stomach contents % Both Male and Female Adult 89 Naval Petroleum Reserves (elev., 88-473m) [lat., 35^oN; long., 119^oN] Exposure Factor Datasets > 1 yr Kern
Dietary Composition leporid (57.6%); rodent (27.1%); livestock (27.1%); bird (20.3%); insect (11.9%); other (25.4%) % frequency of occurrence in stomach contents % Both Male and Female Juvenile 59 Naval Petroleum Reserves (elev., 88-473m) [lat., 35^oN; long., 119^oN] Exposure Factor Datasets 1 yr Kern
Dietary Composition leporid (62.7%); rodent (19.4%); livestock (17.9%); bird (14.9%); insect (41.8%); other (26.9%) % frequency of occurrence in stomach contents % Both Male and Female Juvenile 59 Naval Petroleum Reserves (elev., 88-473m) [lat., 35^oN; long., 119^oN] Exposure Factor Datasets <1 yr Kern
Citation:

Food and energy use by captive coyotes

Author(s)
Litvaitis, John A. and William W. Mautz
Pages
56-61
Year
Volume
44
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
Food Ingestion Rate range of daily dry matter intake per unit metabolic weight (g food/body weight^0.75) for deer, hare or mice diets g/kg/d Both Male and Female Juvenile 4 captured in Aroostook County, ME Exposure Factor Datasets 9 mo Laboratory
Citation:

Winter foraging patterns and consumption rates of northern Wisconsin coyotes

Author(s)
Huegel, Craig N. and Orrin J. Rongstad
Pages
203-207
Year
Volume
113
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Food Ingestion Rate % body weight/d based on a deer and snowshoe hare diet %/d Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 3 animals/ 1-2 time periods Chequamegon National Forest Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Ecology of a cottontail rabbit (Sylvilagus auduboni) population in central California

Author(s)
Fitch, Henry S.
Pages
159 - 184
Year
Volume
33
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition cottontail (45.4%); ground squirrel (31.2%); gopher snake (6.0%); woodrat (4.9%); pocket gopher (3.5%); kangaroo rat (3.3%); other (5.7%) computed % by weight of total recorded prey; based on scat analysis % Not Reported Not Reported 1173 scats San Joaquin Experimental Range Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Average litter size of the coyote in Tennessee

Author(s)
Kennedy, Michael L., Jeffrey G. Babb, Robert M. Lee and Charles Lydeard
Pages
61-62
Year
Volume
65
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 5.0 estimated by placental scars young/litter Female Adult 59 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Physical development in coyotes (Canis latrans), with a comparison to other canids

Author(s)
Bekoff, Marc and Robert Jamieson
Pages
685-692
Year
Volume
56
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
Body Weight - Mean 274 g Both Male and Female Neonate 6 Exposure Factor Datasets 0d Laboratory
Body Weight - Mean 461 g Both Male and Female Juvenile 6 Exposure Factor Datasets 10d Laboratory
Body Weight - Mean 657 g Both Male and Female Juvenile 6 Exposure Factor Datasets 20d Laboratory
Body Weight - Mean 867 g Both Male and Female Juvenile 6 Exposure Factor Datasets 30d Laboratory
Body Weight - Mean 1859 g Both Male and Female Juvenile 6 Exposure Factor Datasets 42d Laboratory
Citation:

Home range size of coyotes: A critical review

Author(s)
Laundre, John W. and Barry L. Keller
Pages
127-139
Year
Volume
48
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Home Range review Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Summer food habits of coyotes in Idaho's River of No Return Wilderness Area

Author(s)
Elliott, Charles E. and Richard Guetig
Pages
63 - 65
Year
Volume
50
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Columbian ground squirrel (56.85); mule deer (27.4%); deer mouse (15.6%); moose (13.7%); northern pocket gopher (11.7%); montane vole (11.7%); golden-mantled ground squirrel (5.8%); Audubon's cottontail (3.9%); horse (3.9%); unknown mammals (5.8%); reptiles (3.9%); arthropods (39.2%); birds (27.4%); plants (21.5%) % occurrence of major (>1.9%) food items in scats % Not Reported Not Reported 51 scats Big Creek Ranger District Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Ecology of coyotes in northern Minnesota

Author(s)
Berg, William E. and Robert A. Chesness
Pages
229-247
Publisher
Academic Press
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition deer (41.8%); livestock (23.3%); mice (3.6%); porcupine (4.0%); snowshoe hare (12.8%); striped skunk (2.0%); red squirrel (0.7%); muskrat (1.8%); beaver (0.6%); racoon (0.2%); ruffed grouse (1.0%); bird (0.1%); poultry (1.4%); unknown (2.0%) % weight of item in stomach contents % Not Reported Not Reported 1204 Aitkin and Itasca counties Exposure Factor Datasets
Longevity oldest age; less than 1% of population yrs Not Reported Adult 960 Aitkin and Itasca counties Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean range of average weights kg Male Adult Not Reported Aitkin and Itasca counties Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean range of average weights kg Female Adult Not Reported Aitkin and Itasca counties Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean range of average weights kg Both Male and Female Juvenile Not Reported Aitkin and Itasca counties Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The distribution and abundance of coyotes: The effects of allochthonous food subsidies from the sea

Author(s)
Rose, Michael D. and Gary A. Polis
Pages
998-1007
Year
Volume
79
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition Terrestrial: Reptiles (1.8%); Rodents (21.0%); Lagomorphs (6.6%); Birds (6.3%); Arthropods (5.7%); Vegetation (8.1%) Marine: Reptiles (0.6%); Mammals (0.3%); Fish (12.0%); Birds (16.5%); Arthropods (17.7%); Vegetation (0.6%) average percent occurrence of item in scats from 4 coastal sites % Not Reported Not Reported 152 Bahia de los Angeles, Baja California del Norte [lat., 28^o55' N; long., 113^o30' W] Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO
Dietary Composition Terrestrial: Reptiles (7.1%); Rodents (48.0%); Lagomorphs (15.9%); Birds (1.0%); Arthropods (11.8%); Vegetation (15.5%) Marine: Birds (0.3%) average percent occurrence of item in scats from 4 inland sites % Not Reported Not Reported 170 Bahia de los Angeles, Baja California del Norte [lat., 28^o55' N; long., 113^o30' W] Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO
Citation:

An estimate of minimum density for coyotes in western Tennessee

Author(s)
Babb, Jeffrey G. and Michael L. Kennedy
Pages
186-188
Year
Volume
53
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 0.35 minimum density #/km2 Both Male and Female Not Reported 34 Gibson and Carroll Counties Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Summer and fall food habits of coyotes in southwestern North Dakota

Author(s)
Lewis, Thomas L., William F. Jensen, Kay A. Keehr and Robert W. Seabloom
Pages
287-292
Year
Volume
26
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition mammals (80%; deer 45.4%, rabbits 23.7%); birds (2.0%); reptiles (0.7%); insects (10.5%); vegetation (46.7%) % of scats containing food item % Not Reported Not Reported 152 scats Billings County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Coyote food habits in southeastern Arizona

Author(s)
Ortega, Joseph C.
Pages
152-155
Year
Volume
32
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition leporids (68.5%); Sigmodon spp. (31.8%); aves (5.9%); grass (16.3%); Juniperus deppeana (7.2%); other vegetation (20.0%); other materials (9.6%) overall % occurrence of major food items (>5%) in scats % Not Reported Not Reported 759 scats Appleton-Whittel Research Ranch, Santa Cruz County (elev., 1500 m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Body size and condition of coyotes in southern Texas

Author(s)
Windberg, Lamar A., Richard M. Engeman and Jeffrey F. Bromaghin
Pages
47 - 52
Year
Volume
27
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Error
Body Weight - Mean 7.6 kg Male Juvenile 38 Webb County [lat., 27^o20'-28^o00N; long., 99^o00'-99^o40'W] Exposure Factor Datasets 0.5 yrs 0.2 SE
Body Weight - Mean 6.5 kg Female Juvenile 40 Webb County [lat., 27^o20'-28^o00N; long., 99^o00'-99^o40'W] Exposure Factor Datasets 0.5 yrs 0.2 SE
Body Weight - Mean 9.1 kg Male Juvenile 32 Webb County [lat., 27^o20'-28^o00N; long., 99^o00'-99^o40'W] Exposure Factor Datasets 1.0 yr 0.2 SE
Body Weight - Mean 8.0 kg Female Juvenile 50 Webb County [lat., 27^o20'-28^o00N; long., 99^o00'-99^o40'W] Exposure Factor Datasets 1.0 yr 0.1 SE
Citation:

Food habits of the coyote in California

Author(s)
Ferrel, Carol M., Howard R. Leach and Daniel F. Tillotson
Pages
301-341
Year
Volume
39
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition rodent (33.2%); deer (17.0%); other stock (14.8%); rabbit (13.2%); misc. (10.0%); sheep (4.6%); bird (3.8%); vegetation (3.4%) overall % volume of stomach contents % Not Reported Not Reported 407 coastal region Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition rodent (27.0%); deer (18.3%); other stock (9.4%); rabbit (22.2%); misc. (10.5%); sheep (6.7%); bird (5.0%); vegetation (0.9%) overall % volume of stomach contents % Not Reported Not Reported 611 northeast region Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition rodent (24.5%); deer (11.4%); other stock (12.1%); rabbit (22.9%); misc. (10.5%); sheep (9.7%); bird (3.4%); vegetation (5.5%) overall % volume of stomach contents % Not Reported Not Reported 813 inland Sierra region Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition rodent (19.2%); deer (5.0%); other stock (12.4%); rabbit (41.5%); misc. (12.4%); sheep (6.6%); bird (2.1%); vegetation (0.8%) overall % volume of stomach contents % Not Reported Not Reported 94 eastern region Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Nutritional levels and growth rates of hand-reared coyote pups

Author(s)
Barnum, Douglas A., Jeffrey S. Green, Jerran T. Flinders and Norman L. Gates
Pages
820-823
Year
Volume
60
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Type Age-Specific Lab
Body Weight - Mean BW = -0.5049 + 0.0469A equation for predicting body weights (BW, g) of known age (A, days) pups g Both Male and Female Juvenile captured near Moscow, ID Exposure Factor Datasets 30 - 154 d Laboratory
Citation:

Relationship between coyote group size and diet in southeastern Colorado

Author(s)
Gese, Eric M., Orrin J. Rongstad and William R. Mytton
Pages
647-653
Year
Volume
52
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition see citation figure of seasonal changes in diet based on scat analysis; mean % volume of food items % Not Reported Not Reported 3270 scats Pinon Canyon Maneuver Site, Las Animas County (elev., 1310 - 1740 m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Coyote movements, habitat use, and food habits in southwestern Oklahoma

Author(s)
Litvaitis, John A. and James H. Shaw
Pages
62-68
Year
Volume
44
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Home Range 68.7 minimum area home range km2 Female Adult 6 Wichita Mountains National Wildlife Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets 89.1 SD
Home Range 31.3 minimum area home range km2 Male Adult 5 Wichita Mountains National Wildlife Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets 42.5 SD
Home Range 39.9 minimum area home range km2 Female Juvenile 4 Wichita Mountains National Wildlife Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets 27.6 SD
Citation:

Energy requirements of eastern coyotes

Author(s)
Pekins, Peter J. and William W. Mautz
Pages
656-659
Year
Volume
68
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Metabolic Rate 10.6 yearly mean basal metabolic rate; range of seasonal means L O2/kg/d Both Male and Female Adult 4 Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Metabolic Rate 163.5 field metabolic rate estimated as 3 times basal metabolic rate kcal/kg Both Male and Female Adult 4 Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Summer food habits and population density of coyotes, Canis latrans, in boreal forests of sutheastern Quebec

Author(s)
Samson, Claude and Michel Crete
Pages
227-233
Year
Volume
111
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Population Density range of density estimates #/10 km2 Both Male and Female Not Reported Not Reported Gaspesie Conservation Park and Chic-Chocs Game Reserve [lat., 49^o00N'; long., 66^o00' W] Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Dietary Composition see citation figure of monthly average volume (%) of food items in scats during 2 summers Both Male and Female Not Reported 666 scat samples Gaspesie Conservation Park and Chic-Chocs Game Reserve [lat., 49^o00N'; long., 66^o00' W] Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Food habits of coyotes, Canis latrans, in eastern Tehama county, California

Author(s)
Barrett, Reginald H.
Pages
184-192
Year
Volume
69
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density 0.5 #/km2 Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Red Bluff Exposure Factor Datasets Tehama
Dietary Composition rodents (27.7%); rabbits (2.9%); carnivores (1.1%); ungulates (28.5%); birds (2.4%); reptiles (1.2%); fish (0.3%); invertebrates (1.9%); vegetable matter (34.0%) annual average % relative frequency of occurrence in scats % Not Reported Not Reported 1042 scats Red Bluff Exposure Factor Datasets Tehama
Citation:

Home range and habitat use of coyotes in southeastern Colorado

Author(s)
Gese, Eric M., Orrin J. Rongstad and William R. Mytton
Pages
640-646
Year
Volume
52
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Home Range 11.3 mean annual home range of resident coyotes km2 Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 56 Pinon Canyon Maneuver Site, Las Animas County (elev., 1310-1740 m) Exposure Factor Datasets 5.8 SD
Home Range 106.5 mean annual home range of transient coyotes km2 Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 16 Pinon Canyon Maneuver Site, Las Animas County (elev., 1310-1740 m) Exposure Factor Datasets 27.7 SD
Citation:

Longevity of captive mammals

Author(s)
Jones, Marvin L.
Pages
113-128
Year
Issue
2
Volume
52
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Longevity 21 yr, 10 mo captive longevity record yr, mo Not Reported Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Social distribution and population estimates of coyotes in north-central Montana

Author(s)
Pyrah, Duane
Pages
670-690
Year
Volume
48
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Home Range 7.8 mean den area; land area around a den or rendezvous used by group km2 Female Adult 3 Missouri River Breaks Exposure Factor Datasets
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